Ngo-2017, lapho imakethe yamabhayisikili eyabiwe yasekhaya isisebenza ngokugcwele, ama-scooters kagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi namabhayisikili abelwe aqala ukuvela emadolobheni amakhulu ngaphesheya kolwandle.Noma ubani udinga kuphela ukuvula ifoni futhi askene ikhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuze avule futhi aqale.
Kulo nyaka, i-Chinese Bao Zhoujia kanye ne-Sun Weiyao basungule i-LimeBike (kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Lime) e-Silicon Valley ukuze ihlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokwabelana zamabhayisikili angenadokhi, amabhayisikili kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi, futhi bathole imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 zamadola aseMelika esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka Ukuxhasa ngemali, ukulinganisa kwafinyelelwa. Izigidigidi eziyi-1.1 zamadola aseMelika, futhi lelula ngokushesha ibhizinisi eCalifornia, eFlorida, eWashington…
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, u-Bird, owasungulwa yilowo owayeyisikhulu se-Lyft kanye ne-Uber u-Travis VanderZanden, naye wathutha izithuthuthu zakhe zikagesi okwabelwana ngazo emigwaqweni yedolobha, futhi waqeda imizuliswano emi-4 yokuxhasa ngezimali esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, ngesamba semali esengeziwe. ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 zamadola aseMelika.I-“unicorn”, eyayishesha kakhulu ukufinyelela esilinganisweni se-US$1 bhiliyoni ngaleso sikhathi, yaze yafinyelela esilinganisweni esimangalisayo se-US$2 billion ngoJuni 2018.
Lena indaba ehlanyisayo eSilicon Valley.Embonweni wekusasa lohambo oluhlanganyelwe, izithuthuthu zikagesi, izimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili nezinye izinto zokuhamba ezingaxazulula inkinga “yemayela lokugcina” seziphenduke izintandokazi zabatshalizimali.
Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abatshalizimali batshale imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 zamaRandi ezinkampanini "zokuhamba kancane" zaseYurophu naseMelika-lesi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sezimoto zikagesi ezabelwana ngazo phesheya.
Njalo ngeviki, amabhrendi e-scooter kagesi okwabelwana ngawo amelwe amabhrendi afana ne-Lime ne-Bird azokwengeza izinkulungwane zezithuthuthu zikagesi futhi aziphromothe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngokuxhamazela.
I-Lime, Inyoni, i-Spin, i-Link, i-Lyft… Lawa magama nezithuthuthu zawo zikagesi azigcini nje ngokuba nezikhundla ezivelele emigwaqweni, kodwa futhi zithatha amakhasi aphambili ezikhungo ezinkulu zokutshala izimali.Kodwa ngemva kokugqashuka okungazelelwe, lawa ma-unicorns ayekade ebhekene nawo kwadingeka abhekane nobhapathizo olunonya lwasemakethe.
Inyoni, eyake yalinganiselwa ku-$2.3 billion, yafakwa ohlwini ngokuhlangana kwe-SPAC.Manje intengo yayo yamasheya ingaphansi kwamasenti angu-50, futhi inani layo lingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-135 kuphela, okubonisa isimo esibheke phansi ezimakethe eziyisisekelo nesesibili.I-Lime, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-opharetha yesithuthuthu sikagesi esabelana ngayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, Ukulinganisa kwake kwafinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.4 zamaRandi aseMelika, kodwa ukulinganisa kwaqhubeka nokuncipha ekuxhaseni ngezimali okwalandela, kwehlela kumaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-510, ukwehla ngo-79%.Ngemuva kwezindaba zokuthi izofakwa ohlwini ngo-2022, manje isikhetha ngokucophelela ukuqhubeka nokulinda.
Ngokusobala, indaba yokuhamba eyake yaba sexy futhi ekhangayo ayisajabulisi kangako.Indlela abatshalizimali nabezindaba ababenomdlandla ngayo ekuqaleni, manje sebenengekile.
Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, kwenzekeni ngenkonzo "yokuhamba kancane" emelwe ama-scooters kagesi phesheya kwezilwandle?
Indaba Emnandi YeMile Yokugcina
I-supply chain yase-China + uhambo olwabiwe + imakethe yemali yaphesheya kwezilwandle, lesi yisizathu esibalulekile esenza abatshalizimali baphesheya kwezilwandle bahlanya ngemakethe yokuvakasha okwabelwana ngayo ekuqaleni.
Empini yasekhaya yokwabelana ngamabhayisikili eyayishubile, inhloko-dolobha yaphesheya kwezilwandle yabona amathuba ebhizinisi aqukethwe kuyo futhi yathola ithagethi efanelekayo.
E-United States, ababambiqhaza abamelelwe u-Lime no-Bird bathole "isethi yohambo lwezingxenye ezintathu" egxile kumabhayisikili angenadokhi, amabhayisikili kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhamba zamabanga amafushane zabasebenzisi abahlukene.Isixazululo esiphelele.
USun Weiyao, umsunguli weLime, wathi lapho kuxoxwa naye: “Inani lentengo yezikuta zikagesi liphezulu kakhulu, futhi abantu bavame ukuhlela isikhathi sokuzisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba 'zithinte phansi'.Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, izinga lokusebenzisa izithuthuthu liphezulu.;futhi lapho behamba amabanga amade, abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekukhetheni izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi;abantu abathanda ezemidlalo emadolobheni bazimisele kakhulu ukusebenzisa amabhayisikili ahlanganyelwe.”
“Mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwezindleko, imikhiqizo kagesi inezinzuzo eziningi.Ngoba abasebenzisi bazimisele kakhulu ukukhokha okwengeziwe ukuze bajabulele umuzwa ongcono womkhiqizo, kodwa izindleko zomkhiqizo nazo ziphezulu, njengesidingo sokushintsha ibhethri noma ukushajwa kabusha.”
Epulani ecatshangelwe ama-unicorns, umnyombo wesikhundla se-C empeleni uyisikuta sikagesi, hhayi nje ngenxa yonyawo lwaso oluncane, isivinini esisheshayo, nokukhohlisa okulula, kodwa nangenxa yenani elingeziwe elethwe ubuchwepheshe baso kanye nezimfanelo zokuvikela imvelo. .
Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi isibalo sabaneminyaka engemuva kuka-90 e-United States abanezincwadi zokushayela sehlile sisuka ku-91% ngeminyaka yawo-1980 saya ku-77% ngo-2014. ngama-scooters kagesi okwabelwana ngawo, futhi kuhambisana nesizinda sokukhuphuka kokunyakaza kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kusukela enkulungwaneni entsha yeminyaka.
“Isibusiso” esivela embonini yezokukhiqiza yaseShayina sesibe esinye isizathu esibalulekile “sokuvuthwa” kwalezi zinkundla zaphesheya kwezilwandle.
Eqinisweni, izithuthuthu zikagesi ekuqaleni ezazisetshenziswa izinkampani ezifana neNyoni kanye neLime zaziqhamuka ezinkampanini zaseChina.Le mikhiqizo ayinazo izinzuzo zamanani kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwenza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo ngokushesha kanye ne-ecology enkulu yezimboni.Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kunikeza ukwesekwa okuhle.
Ukuthatha i-Lime njengesibonelo, kuthathe iminyaka emithathu kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala semikhiqizo ye-scooter kuze kufike ukwethulwa kwesizukulwane sesine semikhiqizo ye-scooter, kodwa izizukulwane ezimbili zokuqala zemikhiqizo zenziwe yizinkampani zasekhaya, kanti isizukulwane sesithathu saklanywa ngokuzimela nguLime. .Ukuthembela kusistimu ye-supply chain yase-China.
Ukuze wenze indaba “yemayela lokugcina” ifudumale, uLime noBird baphinde basebenzisa “ukuhlakanipha” kwenkundla.
Kwezinye izindawo, abasebenzisi be-Lime ne-Bird bangakwazi ukuthatha ngokuqondile izithuthuthu zikagesi ekhaya, bashaje lezi zithuthuthu ebusuku, futhi bazibuyisele ezindaweni eziqokiwe ekuseni, ukuze inkundla izokhokhela abasebenzisi inani elithile, Futhi ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga. yokupaka okungahleliwe kwama-scooters kagesi.
Kodwa-ke, ngokufana nesimo sasekhaya, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ziye zavela ngesikhathi sokukhuthazwa kwama-scooters kagesi okwabelwana ngawo e-United States naseYurophu.Isibonelo, ama-scooters amaningi abekwe eceleni komgwaqo noma emnyango wokupaka ngaphandle kokuphatha, okuthinta ukuhamba okuvamile kwabahamba ngezinyawo.Kube nezikhalo kwabanye abantu bendawo.Kukhona futhi abantu abagibele izithuthuthu eceleni komgwaqo, okusongela ukuphepha komuntu siqu kwabahamba ngezinyawo.
Ngenxa yokufika kwalolu bhubhane, inkundla yezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke iye yathinteka kakhulu.Ngisho nama-scooters kagesi okwabelwana ngawo ngokuyinhloko axazulula imayela lokugcina ahlangabezane nobunzima obungakaze bube khona.
Lolu hlobo lwethonya kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imingcele kazwelonke luqhubeke iminyaka emithathu futhi luye lwathinta kakhulu ibhizinisi lalezi zinkundla zokuhamba.
Njengesixazululo "semayela lokugcina" lenqubo yokuhamba, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo evela ku-Lime, Bird nezinye izinkundla ezihlanganiswe nemigwaqo engaphansi, amabhasi, njll. Ngemva kwalolu bhubhane, zonke izindawo zokuhamba zomphakathi zibhekene nokwehla okukhulu kwabagibeli.
Ngokusho kwedatha yeCity Lab entwasahlobo edlule, inani labagibeli bezithuthi zomphakathi emadolobheni amakhulu eYurophu, eMelika naseChina libonise ukwehla okukhulu kwe-50-90%;ukuhamba kwethrafikhi yesistimu yabagibeli besitimela esingaphansi komhlaba enyakatho endaweni yaseNew York iyodwa kwehle ngo-95%;i-Bay Area MRT in Northern California System ridership yehliswe ngo-93% phakathi nenyanga engu-1.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwehla okusheshayo kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo "yezokuthutha enezingxenye ezintathu" eyethulwe ngu-Lime ne-Bird yaba yinto engenakugwemeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-scooters kagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi noma amabhayisikili, lawa mathuluzi okuhamba athatha imodeli yokwabelana, inkinga yegciwane kubhubhane ilethe abantu izinga elijulile lokukhathazeka, abasebenzisi abakwazi ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi bathinte imoto abanye abanayo. ngithinte nje .
Ngokocwaningo lukaMcKinsey, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhambo lwebhizinisi noma lomuntu siqu, “ukwesaba ukuthola amagciwane ezindaweni okwabelwana ngazo” sekuyisizathu esikhulu esenza abantu benqabe ukusebenzisa uhambo lokuhamba kancane.
Lokhu kwehla kwemisebenzi kuthinte ngqo imali engenayo yazo zonke izinkampani.
Ekwindla ka-2020, ngemuva kokufinyelela ingqopha-mlando yabagibeli abayizigidi ezingama-200 emhlabeni wonke, uLime watshela abatshalizimali ukuthi inkampani izozuza imali enhle kanye nokugeleza kwemali okuhle kwamahhala okokuqala ngqa engxenyeni yesithathu yalowo nyaka, nokuthi izoba nenzuzo. unyaka ophelele ka-2021.
Nokho, njengoba umthelela walolu bhubhane udlondlobala emhlabeni wonke, isimo sebhizinisi esalandela asikabi ngcono.
Ngokombiko wocwaningo, ukusebenzisa isikuta sikagesi ngasinye okwabelwana ngaso ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezine ngosuku kuzokwenza umqhubi angakwazi ukusimama ngokwezimali (okungukuthi, izimali zomsebenzisi azikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokusebenza zebhayisikili ngalinye).
Ngokusho kwe-Infomation, ngo-2018, isikuta sikagesi se-Bird sasetshenziswa isilinganiso sezikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku, futhi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile wayekhokha u-$3.65.Ithimba leNyoni litshele abatshalizimali ukuthi inkampani isethubeni lokukhiqiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-65 emalini engenayo yonyaka kanye nesamba semali engu-19%.
Isamba semali engu-19%.
Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, imali engenayo yonyaka ka-Bird ngo-2020 yayingama- $ 78 wezigidi, nokulahleka okuphelele kwezigidi ezingama- $ 200.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokwenyuka okwengeziwe kwezindleko zokusebenza ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwalokhu: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiteji sokusebenza asiyona nje isibopho sokushaja nokugcina imikhiqizo, kodwa futhi ukuyibulala amagciwane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka kwabo;ngakolunye uhlangothi, le mikhiqizo akuyona eyokwabelana Nokuklama, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyidiliza.Lezi zinkinga azivamile ekuqaleni kwesiteji, kodwa njengoba umkhiqizo ubekwe emadolobheni amaningi, lesi simo sivame kakhulu.
"Imvamisa izithuthuthu zethu zikagesi zebanga labathengi zingahlala izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kuhhafu wonyaka, kuyilapho isikhathi sokuphila sezikuta zikagesi okwabelwana ngazo singaba yizinyanga eziyi-15, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zemikhiqizo."Umuntu osebenza ezimbonini zokukhiqiza ezihlobene Ochwepheshe bathi nakuba imikhiqizo yalezi zinkampani ze-unicorn ishintsha kancane kancane ibe yizimoto ezizakhelayo esikhathini esizayo, izindleko kusenzima ukwehlisa ngokushesha, okungenye yezizathu ezenza uxhaso njalo engenanzuzo.
Yebo, inkinga yezithiyo eziphansi zezimboni isekhona.Amapulatifomu afana neLime neNyoni abaholi bezimboni.Yize benenzuzo ethile yemali nengxenyekazi, imikhiqizo yabo ayinakho okuhlangenwe nakho okuholayo okuphelele.Ulwazi lomkhiqizo olusetshenziswa abasebenzisi ezinkundleni ezahlukene Ziyakwazi ukushintshaniswa, futhi akekho ongcono kakhulu noma omubi kakhulu.Kulokhu, kulula kubasebenzisi ukushintsha izinsizakalo ngenxa yenani lezimoto.
Kunzima ukwenza inzuzo enkulu ezinsizeni zezokuthutha, futhi ngokomlando, izinkampani eziye zazuza ngempela ngokungaguquki bekungaba abakhiqizi bezimoto.
Kodwa-ke, izinkundla eziqashisa kakhulu izithuthuthu zikagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi, namabhayisikili abelwene zingathola ukuqina futhi zithuthuke ngokuzwakalayo kuphela ngenxa yethrafikhi yabasebenzisi ezinzile futhi enkulu.Esikhathini esifushane ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane luphele, abatshalizimali namapulatifomu abakwazi ukubona ithemba elinjalo.
Ekuqaleni kuka-April 2018, u-Meituan wathola ngokugcwele i-Mobike ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.7, okwakuphawula ukuphela “kwempi yokwabelana ngamabhayisikili” yasekhaya.
Impi yamabhayisikili okwabelwana ngayo esuselwe “empini yokudunyiswa kwezimoto eku-inthanethi” ingashiwo njengenye impi ewuphawu esikhathini senhloko-dolobha.Ukusebenzisa imali nokukhokha ukuze kuthathwe imakethe, umholi wemboni kanye nowesibili ohlanganisiwe ukuze ulawule ngokuphelele imakethe kwakuyizinqubo ezivuthwe kakhulu ze-inthanethi yasekhaya ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ayikho kuzo.
Esifundazweni ngaleso sikhathi, osomabhizinisi babengadingi, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukubala isilinganiso semali engenayo kanye ne-input-output.Kuthiwa ithimba le-Mobike lalulama ngemva komcimbi, futhi inkampani yalahlekelwa kakhulu, ngemva nje kokuthola imali enkulu futhi iqala ukwethula isevisi "yekhadi lenyanga".Ngemuva kwalokho, ukushintshaniswa kokulahlekelwa kwemakethe kwaba yinto engalawuleki nakakhulu.
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi amabhayisikili oku-inthanethi okudunyiswa kwezimoto noma okwabelwana ngawo, izinsiza zokuhamba nezokuvakasha bezilokhu ziyizimboni ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi ezinenzuzo ephansi.Ukusebenza okujulile kuphela endaweni yesikhulumi kungaba nenzuzo yangempela.Kodwa-ke, ngokwesekwa okuhlanyayo kwezimali, osomabhizinisi abasendleleni nakanjani bazongena “empini yokuguquguquka” enegazi.
Ngalo mqondo, ama-scooters kagesi eYurophu nase-United States kungathiwa afana namabhayisikili ahlanganyelwe, futhi ayingxenye "yenkathi yegolide" ye-venture capital hot money yonke indawo.Ngesikhathi sokushoda kwezimali, abatshalizimali abahlakaniphile banake kakhulu idatha yemali engenayo kanye nesilinganiso semali engenayo.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuwa kwe-unicorn ukwabelana ngama-scooters kagesi kuyisiphelo esingenakugwemeka.
Namuhla, lapho umhlaba kancane kancane uvumelana nalolu bhubhane futhi impilo ilulama kancane kancane, isidingo “semayela lokugcina” emkhakheni wezokuthutha sisekhona.
UMcKinsey wenze ucwaningo kubantu abangaphezu kuka-7,000 ezifundeni ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba ngemuva kokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, wathola ukuthi njengoba umhlaba ubuyela kwesijwayelekile, umkhuba wabantu wokusebenzisa izimoto ezincane eziphethwe ngasese esigabeni esilandelayo uzokhula ngo-9% uma kuqhathaniswa. nesikhathi esiwubhubhane sangaphambilini.Ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezabiwe zezimoto ezincane zokuthutha kukhuphuke ngo-12%.
Ngokusobala, kunezibonakaliso zokululama emkhakheni we-micro-travel, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ithemba lekusasa lingelama-scooters kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-19-2022